Balance definitions, systems, and strategies
Epidemiology and outcomes of falls
Neuromuscular and medical challenges of aging
- Risk factors in aging, medications, medical conditions, degenerative processes
Examination: screening for balance
- Balance tests
- Vertebral Artery
- Timed Up and Go (TUG)
- Unilateral Stance
- 5 Times Sit to Stand (5TSS)
- Step Test
- Functional Reach
- Berg Balance Scale
- Falls Efficacy Scale
- Falls Risk Self-assessment
- Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale
- Besttest
- MiniBestest
- Brief Bestest
- Gait tests
- Timed Up and Go
- 6 Minute Walk Test
- Figure 8
- Modified Gate Efficacy Scale
- Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment
- Gait Abnormality Rating Scale
- Dynamic Gait Index
- Star and Y Balance Tests
- Other balance tests
Interventions to Promote Balance and Prevent Falls
Balance Rehab
- Fall reduction education
- Therapeutic neuromuscular and functional exercise
- Otago
- LIFE
- Tai Chi
- Wii
- Other balance programs
Active Balance Clinic (ABC) program
Evidence-based outcomes, reliability, and validity studies on balance tools and interventions
Effect of interventions on fall reduction, rates, and risk
Documentation recommendations, G-codes
American Geriatric Society panel recommendations